Class 7 Maths Chapter 11 Perimeter and Area

*Class 7 Maths Chapter 11 Perimeter and Area
Class 7 Maths Syllabus
1.Integers
2.Fractions and Decimals
3.Data Handling
4.Simple Equations
5.Lines and Angles
6.The triangles and it's properties
7.Congruent Triangles
8.Comparing Quantities
9.Rational Numbers
10.Practical Geometry 
11.Perimeter And Area
12.Algebraic Expressions
13.Exponents And Powers
14.Symmetry
15.Visualising Solid Shapes 

Revision Notes on Perimeter and Area

Perimeter

 It refers to the length of the outline of the enclosed figure.

Area

 It refers to the surface of the enclosed figure.

Perimeter and Area

Area and Perimeter of Square

Square is a quadrilateral, with four equal sides.

Area = Side × Side

Perimeter = 4 × Side

Example

Find the area and perimeter of a square-shaped cardboard whose length is 5 cm.

Perimeter

Solution

Area of square = (side)2

= (5)2

= 25 cm2

Perimeter of square = 4 × side

= 4 × 5

= 20 cm

Area and Perimeter of Rectangle

The rectangle is a quadrilateral, with equal opposite sides.

Area = Length × Breadth

Perimeter = 2(Length + Breadth)

Example

What is the length of a rectangular field if its width is 20 ft and Area is 500 ft2?

Rectangular field

Solution

Area of rectangular field = length × width

500 = l × 20

l = 500/20

l = 25 ft

Note: Perimeter of a regular polygon = Number of sides × length of one side

Triangles as Parts of Rectangles

If we draw a diagonal of a rectangle then we get two equal sizes of triangles. So the area of these triangles will be half of the area of a rectangle.

Rectangles

The area of each triangle = 1/2 (Area of the rectangle)

Likewise, if we draw two diagonals of a square then we get four equal sizes of triangles .so the area of each triangle will be one-fourth of the area of the square.

Area of the rectangle

The area of each triangle = 1/4 (Area of the square)

Example

What will be the area of each triangle if we draw two diagonals of a square with side 7 cm?

Solution

Area of square = 7 × 7

= 49 cm2

The area of each triangle = 1/4 (Area of the square)

= 1/4 × 49

= 12.25 cm2

Congruent Parts of Rectangles

Two parts of a rectangle are congruent to each other if the area of the first part is equal to the area of the second part.

Example

Congruent Parts of Rectangles

The area of each congruent part = 1/2 (Area of the rectangle)

= 1/2 (l × b) cm2

=1/2 (4 × 3) cm2

= 1/2 (12) cm2

= 6 cm2

Parallelogram

It is a simple quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides.

Also denoted as ∥ gm

Area of parallelogram = base × height

 Or b × h (bh)

We can take any of the sides as the base of the parallelogram. And the perpendicular drawn on that side from the opposite vertex is the height of the parallelogram.

Example

Find the area of the figure given below:

Parallelogram

Solution

Base of ∥ gm = 8 cm

Height of ∥ gm = 6 cm

Area of ∥ gm = b × h

= 8 × 6

= 48 cm

Area of Triangle

Triangle is a three-sided closed polygon.

 If we join two congruent triangles together then we get a parallelogram. So the area of the triangle will be half of the area of the parallelogram.

Area of Triangle = 1/2 (Area of  gm)

= 1/2 (base × height)

Example

Find the area of the figure given below:

Triangle

Solution

Area of triangle = 1/2 (base × height)

= 1/2 (12 × 5)

= 1/2 × 60

= 30 cm2

Note: All the congruent triangles are equal in area but the triangles equal in the area need not be congruent.

Circles

It is a round, closed shape.

The circumference of a Circle

The circumference of a circle refers to the distance around the circle.

  • Radius: A straight line from the Circumference till the centre of the circle.

  • Diameter: It refers to the line from one point of the Circumference to the other point of the Circumference.

  • π (pi): It refers to the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.

Circumference(c) = π × diameter

C = πd

= π × 2r

Circumference

Note: diameter (d) = twice the radius (r)

 d = 2r

Example

What is the circumference of a circle of diameter 12 cm (Take π = 3.14)?

Solution

C = πd

C = 3.14 × 12

= 37.68 cm

Area of Circle

Area of the circle = (Half of the circumference) × radius

= πr2

Area of Circle

Example

Find the area of a circle of radius 23 cm (use π = 3.14).

Solution

R = 23 cm

π = 3.14

Area of circle = 3.14 × 232

= 1,661 cm2

Conversion of Units

Sometimes we need to convert the unit of the given measurements to make it similar to the other given units.

UnitConversion
1 cm10 mm
1 m100 cm
1 km1000 m
1 hectare(ha)100 × 100 m
UnitConversion
1 cm2100 mm2
1 m210000 cm2
1 km21000000 m(1e + 6)
1 ha10000 m2

Example: 1

Convert 70 cmin mm2

Solution:

1 cm = 10 mm

1 cm= 10 × 10

1 cm= 100 mm2

70 cm= 700 mm2

Example: 2

Convert 3.5 ha in m2

Solution:

1 ha = 10000 m2

3.5 ha = 10000 × 3.5

ha = 35000 m2

Applications

We can use these concepts of area and perimeter of plane figures in our day to day life.

  • If we have a rectangular field and want to calculate that how long will be the length of the fence required to cover that field, then we will use the perimeter.

  • If a child has to decorate a circular card with the lace then he can calculate the length of the lace required by calculating the circumference of the card, etc.

Example:

A rectangular park is 35 m long and 20 m wide. A path 1.5 m wide is constructed outside the park. Find the area of the path.

Rectangular Park

Solution

Area of rectangle ABCD – Area of rectangle STUV

AB = 35 + 2.5 + 2.5

= 40 m

AD = 20 + 2.5 + 2.5

= 25 m

Area of ABCD = 40 × 25

= 1000 m2

Area of STUV = 35 × 20

= 700 m2

Area of path = Area of rectangle ABCD – Area of rectangle STUV

= 1000 – 700

= 300 m2

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